Scoliosis in Children

Scoliosis in children is a condition that causes an abnormal curvature of the spine, often appearing during growth spurts. If left untreated, it can lead to discomfort, mobility issues, and long-term complications. Early detection and treatment are key to managing scoliosis and ensuring a child's healthy development.

What is Scoliosis in Children?

Scoliosis refers to a sideways curvature of the spine that often develops during childhood or adolescence. While a healthy spine appears straight when viewed from the back, scoliosis causes it to curve into an S or C shape.

Types of Scoliosis

1. Idiopathic Scoliosis: The most common form, often diagnosed during adolescence with no identifiable cause.
2. Congenital Scoliosis: Caused by spine malformations present at birth.
3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Associated with underlying neurological or muscular conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
4. Early-Onset Scoliosis: Diagnosed in children under 10 years old.

Causes of Scoliosis in Children

The exact cause of scoliosis in most children is unknown, particularly in idiopathic cases. However, several factors may contribute to the condition:

• Genetics: Family history plays a significant role, as scoliosis often runs in families.
• Birth Defects: Congenital malformations of the spine.
• Neurological Conditions: Disorders like spina bifida and cerebral palsy.
• Injuries or Infections: Trauma to the spine can lead to scoliosis in rare cases.

Signs and Symptoms of Scoliosis in Children

Parents and caregivers should look for early signs of scoliosis in children. Symptoms may include:

• Uneven shoulders or hips
• A visibly curved spine
• Rib prominence or uneven shoulder blades
• Leaning to one side
• Ill-fitting clothing due to asymmetry
• Back pain in some cases

How to Detect Scoliosis at Home:

1. Stand your child upright.
2. Look for uneven shoulder heights or hips.
3. Observe their spine while they bend forward.
4. Check if one side of the back appears raised.

If you notice any of these signs, consult a specialist immediately for proper diagnosis

Diagnosis of Scoliosis in Children

At Fakeeh University Hospital, advanced diagnostic tools help detect scoliosis early. Tests may include:

1. Physical Examination: A thorough assessment of the spine.
2. Adam’s Forward Bend Test: Helps visualize spinal curvature.
3. X-Rays: Provide a detailed view of the spine's alignment.
4. MRI/CT Scans: Used in complex cases to rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options for Scoliosis in Children

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the condition, the child’s age, and the progression of the curve. Options include:

1. Observation

For mild curves (less than 20 degrees), regular monitoring with X-rays ensures that the curve does not worsen as the child grows.

2. Bracing

Bracing helps prevent the curve from progressing in growing children. It is most effective for moderate scoliosis (20 - 40 degrees). Types of braces include:

• Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
• Milwaukee Brace

3. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy strengthens back muscles, improves posture, and enhances spinal alignment. Exercises like the Schroth Method are specifically designed for scoliosis management.

4. Surgical Intervention

Severe scoliosis (curves greater than 40-50 degrees) may require surgery. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, where metal rods and screws correct and stabilize the spine.

5. Dynamic Correction through Growth Guidance (Non Fusion) Surgery:

For flexible scoliosis curves in children with significant growth potential, growth guidance surgery (a non-fusion approach) is an advanced technique designed to allow the spine to grow while guiding the correction of the curvature. This method avoids fusing the spine, which is crucial for young patients who still have a lot of growing to do. Ithelps preserve spinal mobility and natural development, minimising the long-term impact on spinal flexibility and function while gradually correcting the scoliosis.

6. Spinal Fusion Surgery:

For rigid scoliosis curves greater than 45°, spinalfusion surgery is typically recommended. This procedure involvespermanently connecting two or more vertebrae to prevent further progression ofthe curve and to correct spinal alignment. The surgeon places rods, screws, orother hardware to hold the spine in the corrected position while bone graftshelp fuse the vertebrae together over time. Spinal fusion is effective forstabilizing the spine and reducing severe curves

Examples:

Life after the operation

Your child can live his/her life normally after both methods. The modern instrumentation allows full ambulation directly on the first postoperative surgical day without the need for any braces or corsets. The hospital stay is around 5 days. He can re-visit his school 3 to 4 weeks after the surgery.Contact sports could be continued 6 months after the operation. The operation does not cause any restriction in job selection afterwards when the children are grown up and definitely do not have any disadvantage regarding fertility and pregnancy.

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Scoliosis in children is a manageable condition when detected early. By staying vigilant for symptoms and seeking expert care at Fakeeh University Hospital, parents can ensure the best possible outcomes for their child's spinal health. With specialized treatments and a compassionate pediatric team, we are committed to providing top-tier care for scoliosis management. Book an appointment today to consult with our specialists and ensure your child's spinal health is in expert hands.